Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta Edafología. Mostrar todas las entradas
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta Edafología. Mostrar todas las entradas
martes, 1 de abril de 2025
El suelo, ese desconocido (vídeo divulgativo)
Video divulgativo de Arboreo Microdocus, presentado por Miguel Ortega, quién entrevista al profesor David Badía, caracterizando un perfil de suelos a los pies de Gratal.
martes, 11 de febrero de 2025
Properties of Waterlogged Soils Developed on Arkose and Aeolian Sands in an Agro-Silvopastoral System
Una de nuestras últimas publicaciones:
Jiménez-Ballesta, R.; San José, F.J.; Mongil-Manso, J.; Escudero-Campos, L.; Álvarez-Castellanos, M.P.; 2025. Properties of waterlogged soils developed on arkose and aeolian sands in an agro-silvopastoral system. European Journal of Soil Science, e70055. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70055
Globally speaking, academic research assumes that soils affected by water stagnation have a significant constraint, especially concerning their productivity and environmental benefits. In the surrounding landscape of northern Ávila Province (northern Spanish Central System), where many small farmers and livestock breeders of the region live, there are areas that are periodically flooded. This study examines the impact of hydromorphism on soil features and formation in La Moraña, a region with arkosic and aeolic sands; it also investigates the soil's role in sustainable waterlogged agro-silvopastoral development. The main land uses are agriculture, pastures or pine forests. The soils show acidic to alkaline reaction (pH 5.6 to 9.1), with sandy to loamy textures, and contain moderate to high levels of organic matter (1.7% to 8.0%) and total nitrogen (0.01% to 0.26%) contents. A moderate to medium cation exchange capacity (CEC) (3.13 to 15 cmol kg−1) and high base saturation status (72% to 81%) were observed. In both soil groups (Cambisols and Arenosols), the predominant soil cations were Ca2+ (0.7 to 25.7 cmol kg−1) and Na+ (0.19 to 9.5 cmol kg−1), while K+ was present in minor amounts. Given the nature of the original material, although the carbonate content of the parent material lay below the detection limit, high carbonate contents greater than 25% were observed in certain horizons (Bkg of profiles 1 and 2). Weak gleization was observed in all profiles, with grey colours (light to dark) in the subsurface horizons, denoting some effects of iron reduction, resulting from a dual action of pluviometry and a practically flat topography; and occasionally flooding or water-table rise. In addition, hydromorphic conditions can also develop due to soil compaction. So, the major soil-forming processes are accumulation of organic matter and brunification in drained conditions. While litter formation in conditions of high moisture, and weak gleization against excessive moisture are the dominant processes. La Moraña's soils stay productive through agroforestry and crop rotations, preserving their potential despite their hydromorphic nature.
miércoles, 11 de diciembre de 2024
Compactación del suelo e infiltración
La compactación del suelo se produce cuando su estructura se comprime, disminuyendo su porosidad y reduciendo o dificultando la infiltración de agua (mal drenaje), el intercambio de gases y el crecimiento de las raíces. Suele estar causada por el paso de la maquinaria pesada o el sobrepastoreo, aunque también puede generarse por el impacto de las gotas de lluvia sobre determinados suelos. En cualquier caso, disminuye la productividad y la biodiversidad del suelo y, por lo tanto, afecta a la salud de éste.
Para solucionar problemas de compactación, lo primero es un buen diagnóstico, con mediciones de la densidad aparente y de la porosidad, así como con ensayos de infiltración, de los que en nuestro grupo de investigación Forest, Water & Soil tenemos bastante experiencia.
Las infografías son de FAO de 2016.
miércoles, 13 de noviembre de 2024
Descripción de suelos y clasificación de suelos, WRB 2022
Excelente vídeo para los "muy cafeteros" de la edafología.
martes, 29 de octubre de 2024
Última versión de la World Reference Base en español
Ya está disponible la última versión de la WRB en español. Puede descargarse de este enlace.
Todos los documentos relacionados con la 4º edición de la WRB 2022 en línea: https://wrb.isric.org/documents/
Todos los documentos relacionados con la 4º edición de la WRB 2022 en línea: https://wrb.isric.org/documents/
martes, 8 de octubre de 2024
Organic Carbon Storage in Waterlogging Soils in Ávila
Abstract
Soils play a crucial role in the protection, management, and ecological understanding of the La Moraña region, located in Ávila province, Central Spain, which has a moderate population, traditional agriculture, livestock farming, and low industrial activity, resulting in relatively low environmental degradation. The region’s soils often experience prolonged water stagnation, influencing its agronomy, ecology, and economy. This study aimed to estimate and understand the soil’s role in the C sequestration of an agrosilvopastoral system under conditions of temporary water stagnation and different land uses. The results showed that ryegrass-magaza and Pinus pinaster show more content in soil carbon sequestration storage (98.7 and 92.4 Mg per hectare) compared to the adjacent degraded rangeland (75.8 and 63.9 Mg ha−1). Arenosols exhibited a higher total amount of SOC stocks. The soil profile with ryegrass sequestered more nitrogen (9.7 Mg ha−1) than other land uses; moreover, Arenosols have a lower nitrogen sequestration capacity even in low-forest conditions. The study highlights significant differences in carbon accumulation due to the management practices, temporary water layers, and parent material.
jueves, 7 de diciembre de 2023
Libro: Siembra sin laboreo. Agricultura del futuro.
Es verdad que no es un libro nuevo, pero no ha perdido actualidad. "Siembra sin laboreo. Agricultura del futuro" es un librito del profesor Ignacio Bustamante Alonso, en el que se presentan de forma sencilla y asequible algunas técnicas de agricultura de conservación, como la siembra directa y el mínimo laboreo. Todo ello basado en el respeto al suelo y en la preservación de su potencial productivo.
miércoles, 8 de noviembre de 2023
martes, 17 de octubre de 2023
Global Symposium on Soils and Water brings experts from around the world to discuss a multifold relationship
FAO: Prioritize soil and water conservation in all international agendas
FAO Director-General QU Dongyu, center, Deputy Director-General Maria Helena Semedo, left, and Lifeng Li, Director of Land and Water Division, right.
FAO: Prioritize soil and water conservation in all international agendas
2 October 2023
Rome - Four days of intense discussion kicked off today with the opening of the Global Symposium on Soils and Water, hosted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
The relation between soil and water is deep and the “foundation of our agrifood systems, our environment, and our very existence,” FAO Director-General QU Dongyu said in opening remarks at the symposium, which includes more than 35 presentations on topics ranging from the impact of chemicals and wildfire on soil water retention capacity to better governance, integrated management and conservation of natural resources.
“Our soils are under pressure,” Qu said. He emphasized that the world faces a “global, collective and urgent challenge: Preserving the critical balance of soil and water.”
Soils are a kind of “virtual” Sustainable Development Goal, deeply intwined in many of the formal objectives and underscoring the many and complex balances to which the foundation of healthy terrestrial ecosystems contribute.
The FAO Director-General urged participants to work to “prioritize soil and water conservation in all international agendas.”
The symposium is managed by the Global Soil Partnership, based at FAO headquarters, the Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils (ITPS), composed of 27 top soil experts from around the world, and FAO’s Land and Water Division, whose officers will moderate many of the breakout technical discussion sessions.
“Water is the king of foods,” said Josefa Leonel Correia Sacko, the African Union Commissioner for Agriculture, Rural Development, Blue Economy and Sustainable Environment, quoting a Malagasy proverb. Water and soil “form the bedrock of our survival, our economy, and our future,” she said, noting that FAO is helping the African Union draft a harmonized legal framework to ensure the continent has a solid foundation for safeguarding its soil and water resources.
Soils are symbiotic with water, the central theme of this year’s World Food Day, the core topic of the recent FAO Conference and central to FAO’s Strategic Framework 2022-2031.
Given the importance of the integrated management of soils and water, the symposium coincides with and benefits from the Rome Water Dialogue 2023 (4-5 October), allowing for a technical exchange and a science-policy interface between participants of both events, with the reporting and closing plenary session jointly. In addition, on World Soil Day 2023 (5 December), soil and water will be at the heart of this year's theme, celebrated under the motto: "Soil and water, a source of life".
Main themes
The symposium is organized along four principal themes related to soil and water management.
In rainfed farming systems, soil water retention capacity is especially important. One point of discussion is the suitability of using soil organic carbon (SOC) as an indicator for land degradation neutrality and water scarcity, a critical issue already for more than three billion people.
In irrigated farming systems, efficiency and circular economy approaches can boost fertility and water quality and improve nutrient and water use efficacy.
Soil health is key to the One Health approach, which wraps together issues such as safety thresholds for contaminants and their impact on biodiversity, food quality and safety, as well as the nutritional value of the food we eat.
Appropriate policies and effective governance actions aimed at improving soil and water resources management are clearly essential, entailing a range of considerations including gender aspects while also highlighting the potential for new and emerging technologies such as precision agriculture, remote sensing and big data analytics.
FAO is already engaged in cutting-edge concrete applications of such innovations.
For example, the Soil mapping for resilient agrifood systems in Central America and sub-Saharan Africa Initiative (SoilFer), integrates soil and water data at the field scale and provides farmers in some of the most food-insecure parts of the world with precise fertilizer and all fertility management recommendations. The Soil-Land-Water digital Integrated Information System (SoLaWISe), enables FAO Members and farmers to access sophisticated global crop mapping data to guide sustainable natural resources management at farm and landscape levels.
WaPOR, FAO’s publicly-accessible remote sensing for water productivity app that uses satellite data to furnish a nearly real-time data base for monitoring evapotranspiration, a metric for determining how to optimize irrigation, which has proven particularly promising for water-strained areas. An important update to that tool will be launched during the symposium.
Soils and water: a natural partnership
Effective soil moisture management practices are at the core of efficient agriculture and the challenge of eradicating hunger in a changing climate.
Soil and water also provide the foundation for healthy ecosystems, underscoring the need to take proactive safeguarding measures to mitigate and minimize problems such as soil erosion and compaction, which disrupt the capacity of soil to store, drain and filter water as well as exacerbate the risk of floods, landslides and sand or dust storms. Such measures include promoting the sustainable use of agricultural inputs, employing appropriate irrigation methods, improving drainage systems and monitoring salinity level.
Such actions contribute to an effective response to the climate crisis as healthy soils act as a carbon sink, sequestering carbon from the atmosphere. Soil organic matter can retain about 20 times its weight in water– one cubic meter of soil can retain over 250 kilograms of water - while damaged, compacted soil loses almost half its retention capacity. Soils also filter and clean vast quantities of water, boosting human health. Today, more than one billion hectares of soil are impacted by salinity and sodicity, mainly because of poor irrigation and drainage practices, and almost three times as much are at risk globally.
More on this topic
FAO Director-General QU Dongyu, center, Deputy Director-General Maria Helena Semedo, left, and Lifeng Li, Director of Land and Water Division, right.
FAO: Prioritize soil and water conservation in all international agendas
2 October 2023
Rome - Four days of intense discussion kicked off today with the opening of the Global Symposium on Soils and Water, hosted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
The relation between soil and water is deep and the “foundation of our agrifood systems, our environment, and our very existence,” FAO Director-General QU Dongyu said in opening remarks at the symposium, which includes more than 35 presentations on topics ranging from the impact of chemicals and wildfire on soil water retention capacity to better governance, integrated management and conservation of natural resources.
“Our soils are under pressure,” Qu said. He emphasized that the world faces a “global, collective and urgent challenge: Preserving the critical balance of soil and water.”
Soils are a kind of “virtual” Sustainable Development Goal, deeply intwined in many of the formal objectives and underscoring the many and complex balances to which the foundation of healthy terrestrial ecosystems contribute.
The FAO Director-General urged participants to work to “prioritize soil and water conservation in all international agendas.”
The symposium is managed by the Global Soil Partnership, based at FAO headquarters, the Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils (ITPS), composed of 27 top soil experts from around the world, and FAO’s Land and Water Division, whose officers will moderate many of the breakout technical discussion sessions.
“Water is the king of foods,” said Josefa Leonel Correia Sacko, the African Union Commissioner for Agriculture, Rural Development, Blue Economy and Sustainable Environment, quoting a Malagasy proverb. Water and soil “form the bedrock of our survival, our economy, and our future,” she said, noting that FAO is helping the African Union draft a harmonized legal framework to ensure the continent has a solid foundation for safeguarding its soil and water resources.
Soils are symbiotic with water, the central theme of this year’s World Food Day, the core topic of the recent FAO Conference and central to FAO’s Strategic Framework 2022-2031.
Given the importance of the integrated management of soils and water, the symposium coincides with and benefits from the Rome Water Dialogue 2023 (4-5 October), allowing for a technical exchange and a science-policy interface between participants of both events, with the reporting and closing plenary session jointly. In addition, on World Soil Day 2023 (5 December), soil and water will be at the heart of this year's theme, celebrated under the motto: "Soil and water, a source of life".
Main themes
The symposium is organized along four principal themes related to soil and water management.
In rainfed farming systems, soil water retention capacity is especially important. One point of discussion is the suitability of using soil organic carbon (SOC) as an indicator for land degradation neutrality and water scarcity, a critical issue already for more than three billion people.
In irrigated farming systems, efficiency and circular economy approaches can boost fertility and water quality and improve nutrient and water use efficacy.
Soil health is key to the One Health approach, which wraps together issues such as safety thresholds for contaminants and their impact on biodiversity, food quality and safety, as well as the nutritional value of the food we eat.
Appropriate policies and effective governance actions aimed at improving soil and water resources management are clearly essential, entailing a range of considerations including gender aspects while also highlighting the potential for new and emerging technologies such as precision agriculture, remote sensing and big data analytics.
FAO is already engaged in cutting-edge concrete applications of such innovations.
For example, the Soil mapping for resilient agrifood systems in Central America and sub-Saharan Africa Initiative (SoilFer), integrates soil and water data at the field scale and provides farmers in some of the most food-insecure parts of the world with precise fertilizer and all fertility management recommendations. The Soil-Land-Water digital Integrated Information System (SoLaWISe), enables FAO Members and farmers to access sophisticated global crop mapping data to guide sustainable natural resources management at farm and landscape levels.
WaPOR, FAO’s publicly-accessible remote sensing for water productivity app that uses satellite data to furnish a nearly real-time data base for monitoring evapotranspiration, a metric for determining how to optimize irrigation, which has proven particularly promising for water-strained areas. An important update to that tool will be launched during the symposium.
Soils and water: a natural partnership
Effective soil moisture management practices are at the core of efficient agriculture and the challenge of eradicating hunger in a changing climate.
Soil and water also provide the foundation for healthy ecosystems, underscoring the need to take proactive safeguarding measures to mitigate and minimize problems such as soil erosion and compaction, which disrupt the capacity of soil to store, drain and filter water as well as exacerbate the risk of floods, landslides and sand or dust storms. Such measures include promoting the sustainable use of agricultural inputs, employing appropriate irrigation methods, improving drainage systems and monitoring salinity level.
Such actions contribute to an effective response to the climate crisis as healthy soils act as a carbon sink, sequestering carbon from the atmosphere. Soil organic matter can retain about 20 times its weight in water– one cubic meter of soil can retain over 250 kilograms of water - while damaged, compacted soil loses almost half its retention capacity. Soils also filter and clean vast quantities of water, boosting human health. Today, more than one billion hectares of soil are impacted by salinity and sodicity, mainly because of poor irrigation and drainage practices, and almost three times as much are at risk globally.
viernes, 6 de octubre de 2023
Global Symposium on Soil and Water
Un interesante simposio al que pudimos asistir on-line. En el siguiente enlace podrás encontrar las grabaciones de todas las sesiones así como las presentaciones y otros materiales.
sábado, 26 de agosto de 2023
Los bancales de la provincia de Ávila. Un patrimonio rural y tradicional a conservar
Los bancales de la provincia de Ávila constituyen un patrimonio rural tradicional que es preciso proteger y conservar, por sus valores y funciones de tipo productivo, ambiental, cultural, paisajístico, turístico y etnográfico, entre otros. Con este libro, se pretende contribuir al conocimiento de estos bancales, en cuanto a su distribución, características, tipología y funcionamiento como agrosistema e hidrosistema.
Para ello, se ha determinado la distribución de los paisajes de bancales en la provincia; se han caracterizado los bancales (según el sistema y los elementos constructivos, topografía, vegetación, suelos, etc.); y se ha estudiado su funcionamiento, analizando aspectos como la infiltración, la escorrentía o los procesos erosivos. Así mismo, se han establecido puntos débiles, perturbaciones, riesgos y problemas para la conservación del patrimonio rural tradicional que constituyen los bancales, y se han determinado sus potencialidades, así como posibles iniciativas para su conservación y puesta en valor, en el marco de la agricultura y ganadería sostenibles, la etnografía y el turismo rural, teniendo en cuenta los problemas que afectan en la actualidad al medio rural de la provincia, como son la despoblación, el cambio global, los incendios forestales y la gestión y conservación de los recursos naturales.
El desarrollo del Índice de Valoración Integral de Bancales y Terrazas permite disponer de una herramienta interesante y adecuada para la evaluación de bancales, especialmente en la priorización de actuaciones de conservación, destacando aquellos con mayor interés de conservación, en base a los diferentes criterios establecidos (productivo, ambiental, constructivo, paisajístico, etnográfico, etc.).
Los resultados de este trabajo confirman la eficacia de los bancales en sus principales objetivos, como son la creación de terreno apto para el cultivo y la capacidad de retener la escorrentía y favorecer la infiltración, lo que reduce al mínimo la erosión hídrica.
Por todo ello, los responsables públicos y los propietarios particulares, encuentran en este trabajo criterios y pautas para una correcta gestión de los bancales, que conduzca en el corto y medio plazo a su protección y conservación.
Mongil-Manso, J.; Navarro-Hevia, J.; Sanz-Belloso, J.C.; 2023. Los bancales de la provincia de Ávila. Un patrimonio rural y tradicional a conservar. Diputación de Ávila. Institución Gran Duque de Alba. Ávila. ISBN: 978-84-18738-16-6.
Para ello, se ha determinado la distribución de los paisajes de bancales en la provincia; se han caracterizado los bancales (según el sistema y los elementos constructivos, topografía, vegetación, suelos, etc.); y se ha estudiado su funcionamiento, analizando aspectos como la infiltración, la escorrentía o los procesos erosivos. Así mismo, se han establecido puntos débiles, perturbaciones, riesgos y problemas para la conservación del patrimonio rural tradicional que constituyen los bancales, y se han determinado sus potencialidades, así como posibles iniciativas para su conservación y puesta en valor, en el marco de la agricultura y ganadería sostenibles, la etnografía y el turismo rural, teniendo en cuenta los problemas que afectan en la actualidad al medio rural de la provincia, como son la despoblación, el cambio global, los incendios forestales y la gestión y conservación de los recursos naturales.
El desarrollo del Índice de Valoración Integral de Bancales y Terrazas permite disponer de una herramienta interesante y adecuada para la evaluación de bancales, especialmente en la priorización de actuaciones de conservación, destacando aquellos con mayor interés de conservación, en base a los diferentes criterios establecidos (productivo, ambiental, constructivo, paisajístico, etnográfico, etc.).
Los resultados de este trabajo confirman la eficacia de los bancales en sus principales objetivos, como son la creación de terreno apto para el cultivo y la capacidad de retener la escorrentía y favorecer la infiltración, lo que reduce al mínimo la erosión hídrica.
Por todo ello, los responsables públicos y los propietarios particulares, encuentran en este trabajo criterios y pautas para una correcta gestión de los bancales, que conduzca en el corto y medio plazo a su protección y conservación.
El libro puede adquirirse en la Institución Gran Duque de Alba (P.º Dos de Mayo, 8, 05001 Ávila; Teléfono: 920 35 21 26).
Mongil-Manso, J.; Navarro-Hevia, J.; Sanz-Belloso, J.C.; 2023. Los bancales de la provincia de Ávila. Un patrimonio rural y tradicional a conservar. Diputación de Ávila. Institución Gran Duque de Alba. Ávila. ISBN: 978-84-18738-16-6.
miércoles, 28 de septiembre de 2022
lunes, 27 de diciembre de 2021
Seminario internacional en línea sobre el diccionario multilingüe de la ciencia del suelo (vídeo)
Ya está disponible en el canal Youtube de la SECS el seminario en línea sobre el DiccMSC organizado por la Sección de Geografía de Suelos de la Sociedad Española de la Ciencia del Suelo (SECS) junto con la Alianza Mundial del Suelo (AMS) de la FAO y la Unión Internacional de Ciencias del Suelo (IUSS) con motivo de la celebración del Día Mundial del Suelo.
jueves, 16 de diciembre de 2021
Historia, mineralogía, explotación e impactos ambientales de un distrito de minería metálica del SE Español
Historia, mineralogía, explotación e impactos ambientales de un distrito de minería metálica del SE Español: La sierra minera de Cartagena-La Unión (Murcia)
Dr. Gregorio García Fernández
Dr. Gregorio García Fernández
lunes, 29 de noviembre de 2021
Día Mundial del Suelo (5 de diciembre): Suelos afectados por salinidad
La salinización y la sodificación del suelo son importantes procesos de degradación del suelo que amenazan los ecosistemas y son reconocidos como uno de los problemas más importantes a nivel mundial para la producción agrícola, la seguridad alimentaria y la sostenibilidad en las regiones áridas y semiáridas.
Vídeo: Suelos afectados por la salinidad
lunes, 1 de noviembre de 2021
XI Jornada sobre suelos: Efectos de las quemas y desbroces como herramientas para la recuperación de pastos
Tres conferencias impartidas en la XI Jornada sobre suelos: Efectos de las quemas y desbroces como herramientas para la recuperación de pastos, celebrada el pasado 6 de octubre en el Salón de Actos de la Diputación de Huesca y coordinada desde la DTAaragón de la Sociedad Española de la Ciencia del Suelo.
viernes, 29 de octubre de 2021
lunes, 25 de octubre de 2021
¿Cultivos sobre lava?
En el último programa (52) “Por naturaleza”, de RTVE en Aragón, del pasado domingo 24 de octubre, el edafólogo canario Juan Luis Mora (Universidad de Zaragoza) es entrevistado por María José Montesinos para contarnos cómo el hombre ha conseguido cultivar (sorribando, entullando, enarenando,…) sobre la lava, incluso... tras la penúltima erupción de La Palma (1949). Estas y otras interesantes peculiaridades de los suelos volcánicos puedes oírlas, de forma muy amena, en el siguiente podcast:
Programa 52: Volcán de La Palma: ¿Cultivos sobre la lava?
Programa 52: Volcán de La Palma: ¿Cultivos sobre la lava?
miércoles, 15 de septiembre de 2021
Charla: ¿Para qué sirve la SECS?
Charla sobre la Sociedad Española de la Ciencia del Suelo, por su presidente, Jorge Mataix-Solera.
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